Section 7. Stability and Second-order Effects of Beams and Columns 7.1. Slenderness of column 7.2. Load bearing capacity of column 7.3. Displacement magnification factor 7.4. Inclination 7.5. Water tower 7.6. Critical load by the Rayleigh-Ritz method 7.7. Flexural-torsional buckling 7.8. Lateral-torsional buckling 7.9. Critical load of frame